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Aus qemu, kvm, xen & libvirt - QEMU + Kernel-based Virtual Machine - Wiki
[bearbeiten] qemu
QEMU PC emulator version 0.10.4, Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
usage: qemu [options] [disk_image]
'disk_image' is a raw hard image image for IDE hard disk 0
Standard options:
-h or -help display this help and exit
-M machine select emulated machine (-M ? for list)
-cpu cpu select CPU (-cpu ? for list)
-smp n set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
[,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]
[,cache=writethrough|writeback|none][,format=f][,serial=s]
use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-boot [a|c|d|n] boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), or network (n)
-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-m megs set virtual RAM size to megs MB [default=128]
-k language use keyboard layout (for example "fr" for French)
-audio-help print list of audio drivers and their options
-soundhw c1,... enable audio support
and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)
use -soundhw ? to get the list of supported cards
use -soundhw all to enable all of them
-usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'
-name string set the name of the guest
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
specify machine UUID
Display options:
-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-curses use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL
-no-frame open SDL window without a frame and window decorations
-alt-grab use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)
-no-quit disable SDL window close capability
-sdl enable SDL
-portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|none]
select video card type
-full-screen start in full screen
-vnc display start a VNC server on display
Network options:
-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=addr][,model=type][,name=str]
create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN 'n'
-net user[,vlan=n][,name=str][,hostname=host]
connect the user mode network stack to VLAN 'n' and send
hostname 'host' to DHCP clients
-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n' and use the
network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown);
use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution;
use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
connect the vlan 'n' to another VLAN using a socket connection
-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port]
connect the vlan 'n' to multicast maddr and port
-net none use it alone to have zero network devices; if no -net option
is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user'
-tftp dir allow tftp access to files in dir [-net user]
-bootp file advertise file in BOOTP replies
-smb dir allow SMB access to files in 'dir' [-net user]
-redir [tcp|udp]:host-port:[guest-host]:guest-port
redirect TCP or UDP connections from host to guest [-net user]
-bt hci,null dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands
-bt hci,host[:id]
use host's HCI with the given name
-bt hci[,vlan=n]
emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n'
-bt vhci[,vlan=n]
add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI
-bt device:dev[,vlan=n]
emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'
i386 target only:
-win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug
-rtc-td-hack use it to fix time drift in Windows ACPI HAL
-no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks
-no-acpi disable ACPI
-no-hpet disable HPET
-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n] \
[,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,data=file1[:file2]...]
ACPI table description
Linux boot specific:
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk
Debug/Expert options:
-serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file write PID to 'file'
-S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-s wait gdb connection to port
-p port set gdb connection port [default=1234]
-d item1,... output log to /tmp/qemu.log (use -d ? for a list of log items)
-hdachs c,h,s[,t]
force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS
translation (t=none or lba) (usually qemu can guess them)
-L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-bios file set the filename for the BIOS
-kernel-kqemu enable KQEMU full virtualization (default is user mode only)
-no-kqemu disable KQEMU kernel module usage
-no-reboot exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown stop before shutdown
-loadvm [tag|id]
start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-clock force the use of the given methods for timer alarm.
To see what timers are available use -clock ?
-localtime set the real time clock to local time [default=utc]
-startdate select initial date of the clock
-icount [N|auto]
enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per instruction
-echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-virtioconsole c
set virtio console
-show-cursor show cursor
-tb-size n set TB size
-incoming p prepare for incoming migration, listen on port p
-chroot dir Chroot to dir just before starting the VM.
-runas user Change to user id user just before starting the VM.
During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt toggle mouse and keyboard grab
When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.
[bearbeiten] qemu-img
qemu-img version 0.10.4, Copyright (c) 2004-2008 Fabrice Bellard
usage: qemu-img command [command options]
QEMU disk image utility
Command syntax:
create [-e] [-6] [-b base_image] [-f fmt] filename [size]
commit [-f fmt] filename
convert [-c] [-e] [-6] [-f fmt] [-O output_fmt] [-B output_base_image] filename [filename2 [...]] output_filename
info [-f fmt] filename
snapshot [-l | -a snapshot | -c snapshot | -d snapshot] filename
Command parameters:
'filename' is a disk image filename
'base_image' is the read-only disk image which is used as base for a copy on
write image; the copy on write image only stores the modified data
'output_base_image' forces the output image to be created as a copy on write
image of the specified base image; 'output_base_image' should have the same
content as the input's base image, however the path, image format, etc may
differ
'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases
'size' is the disk image size in kilobytes. Optional suffixes
'M' (megabyte, 1024 * 1024) and 'G' (gigabyte, 1024 * 1024 * 1024) are
supported any 'k' or 'K' is ignored
'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename
'output_fmt' is the destination format
'-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)
'-e' indicates that the target image must be encrypted (qcow format only)
'-6' indicates that the target image must use compatibility level 6 (vmdk format only)
'-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats
Parameters to snapshot subcommand:
'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete
'-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)
'-c' creates a snapshot
'-d' deletes a snapshot
'-l' lists all snapshots in the given image
Supported formats: nbd parallels qcow2 vvfat vpc bochs dmg cloop vmdk qcow cow host_device raw
[bearbeiten] qemu-nbd
qemu-nbd --help
Usage: qemu-nbd [OPTIONS] FILE
QEMU Disk Network Block Device Server
-p, --port=PORT port to listen on (default `1024')
-o, --offset=OFFSET offset into the image
-b, --bind=IFACE interface to bind to (default `0.0.0.0')
-k, --socket=PATH path to the unix socket
(default '/var/lock/qemu-nbd-DEVICE')
-r, --read-only export read-only
-P, --partition=NUM only expose partition NUM
-s, --snapshot use snapshot file
-n, --nocache disable host cache
-c, --connect=DEV connect FILE to the local NBD device DEV
-d, --disconnect disconnect the specified device
-e, --shared=NUM device can be shared by NUM clients (default '1')
-t, --persistent don't exit on the last connection
-v, --verbose display extra debugging information
-h, --help display this help and exit
-V, --version output version information and exit
Report bugs to <anthony@codemonkey.ws>